Summarizes the efforts of the Indiana University Task Force on Campus Sustainability to develop a comprehensive program in sustainability for the IU Bloomington campus. The report addresses energy use, land use, recycling, transportation, and the built environment. 122p.

Assists design teams in constructing energy-smart schools using off-the-shelf technology that can cut energy use 30 percent or more annually. It provides recommendations for various climate zones and implementation advice via a series of case studies. Also included are suggestions for achieving LEED energy credits and supplemental strategies for achieving advanced energy savings beyond 30 percent. Design suggestions from the guide include: 1) Daylight the classrooms and gym so that lights can be off most of the day, but design it carefully so that additional cooling needs are not required. 2) Design lighting that usea the most current energy-efficient lamps, ballasts, and integrated controls. 3) Control the HVAC system based on actual occupancy of each space at a given time. 4) Design a well-insulated envelope, including good wall and roof insulation and low-e windows. 5) Use high-efficiency heating and cooling equipment. 174p.

Profiles three school districts named as Energy Star Partners of the Year for their outstanding achievements in improving the energy efficiency of their facilities. Also included is a brief description of the Energy Star program and basic suggestions for easy-to-implement energy-saving measures. 4p.

Based on the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system for new construction, the LEED for Schools Rating System considers the unique nature of the design and construction of K-12 schools, addressing issues such as classroom acoustics, master planning, mold prevention, and environmental site assessment. By addressing the uniqueness of school spaces and children's health issues, LEED for Schools provides a tool for schools that wish to build green, with measurable results. LEED for Schools is a third-party standard for high performance schools that are healthy for students, comfortable for teachers, and cost-effective. It provides parents, teachers and the community a "report card" for their school buildings, by verifying that schools are built healthy, efficient, and comfortable. 77p.

Reviews the energy and financial performance of a wood chip boiler installed in a Maine high school in 1999. Even though more labor-intensive to operate, the assessment of the system was favorable in that it shifted the school's dependency from fossil fuels to readily-available wood chips, thus lowering fuel costs and offering a boost to the state's struggling wood products industry. Charts illustrate fuel consumption and savings, a suggested maintenance schedule, ancillary electric cost projections, a summary of economics, and life cycle cost analyses. 22p.

This is the text of a Utah bill to create a revolving loan fund for use by school districts to improve energy efficiency in school district buildings. 1p.

Advises on how to deliver best-in-class energy efficiency and indoor environmental quality in high-performance buildings. The book brings together over 30 criteria defining high performance in building envelope, lighting, HVAC, power systems and controls. It provides quantitative and descriptive specifications for exceeding state and national minimum standards such as ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2001. 127

Provides a checklist for estimating potential Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)certification, listing the attributes of site selection and design, water efficiency, energy use, effect on atmosphere, building materials, indoor air quality, and innovation in design that are considered under the LEED system. The number of required points in each category are shown, with an opportunity to indicate whether or not features within that category are in place, and then add up the points. 2p.

Reports on a study of Arkansas school districts' utilities use that documents community use, and utility use and tracking practices. Concerns over rising costs, differences between large and small districts, and the need for utility tracking personnel are particularly noted. 5p.

Compilation of a list of 50 sustainable design strategies for school projects that are cost-effective, including overall concepts, community, site design, daylighting and windows, building shell, electrical systems, mechanical systems, recycling and environmentally-sound materials. 6p.

Evaluates a geothermal HVAC system at a Maine middle school. Details on the systems performance compared to other schools is provided, as are initial cost comparisons and a life cycle analysis. The report concludes that the system significantly outperforms typical existing schools, and marginally outperforms other high performance schools. 14p.

Examines financial considerations of "green" building across many building types, with one chapter each devoted to the practice in higher and K-12 education. Current attention to and financial advantages of green building in education are considered, as are obstacles and ways to overcome them. 62p.

Adresses key elements that must be developed before an energy anagement plan can be developed and implemented. Numerous unseen or overlooked inefficiencies that can account for a significant waste of energy are identified. The development, goals, implementation, checklists, and training involved in an energy management plan are outlined. 4p.

Provides guidance concerning the use and implementation of displacement ventilation (DV) for K-12 schools. It serves architects, engineers, and educators seeking to understand why DV is beneficial, addresses the implications of installing DV in schools, and details a design procedure for DV systems in school applications. It contains recommendations from a range of sources, including PIER research, ASHRAE Guidelines and Standards, and practical experience gained in the design, installation, and performance monitoring of DV systems in two California schools. Topics covered include general design requirements for classrooms, air supply characteristics, diffuser specifications, architectural design issues, load calculations, system sizing, HVAC design options, and estimating energy savings. Case studies from six installations are included, as are 42 references, a glossary, and numerous figures and tables. 123p.

Analyzes the energy bills for 119 of Connecticut's 1,026 public schools, revealing that they are among the least energy-efficient schools in the country, rating 26 on a scale of 100. A large percentage of the state's schools were built when energy was cheap and efficiency was not a priority, and analysis of specific school construction shortcomings by era is included. Specific guidelines and recommendations to communities and the state legislature are proposed, and eight references included. 19p.

Covers HVAC design considerations for displacement ventilation systems, drawn from completed research of the project, a computational flow dynamics analysis, and the results of the first demonstration classroom. The report addresses diffuser selection and layout, load calculations and system sizing and energy modeling options. The report also describes HVAC system requirements for displacement ventilation and control options. For the design phase, this report covers design requirements for TDV, load calculation procedures, energy modeling, and equipment selection. For the construction phase, the report documents show typical diffuser locations, ductwork layout, control details, and installation requirements. 23p.

Documents the performance monitoring results of a displacement ventilation demonstration project at Kinoshita Elementary in San Juan Capistrano, California. The report also documents the processes of design, financing and construction of the demonstration classrooms. The unit is designed to supply a steady 65-degree supply temperature, with variable air volume to maintain comfort in the space. This report assesses the performance of the unit in meeting specifications, and a comparison of comfort, indoor air quality, and energy use with a control classroom that is served by a conventional 4-ton packaged rooftop unit. 36p.

Documents the development of a unit that can tightly control supply air temperature in a classroom thermal displacement ventilation (TDV) cooling system, in response to varying load and outdoor conditions. Also described are the steps that the manufacturer has taken towards making it a production unit. The report provides an evaluation of the unit with all available data, and identifies the steps required to make this a production unit. 20p.

Serves as the final project report for Project 2, Thermal Displacement Ventilation (DV) in Schools, under California's PIER IEQ-K12 Program. Key outcomes included the following: 1)Two demonstration DV systems were installed, commissioned, and monitored in two classrooms; one in southern and one in northern California. 2)Results of the DV demonstration classrooms showed that significant energy savings are possible. 3)Other results of the DV demonstration classrooms showed improved IAQ and acoustics with acceptable humidity levels. 4)Teacher feedback was positive for the DV demonstration classrooms. 5)The demonstration classrooms confirmed that DV provides good thermal comfort for classrooms with normal ceiling heights (9 feet). 6)A supply of 1,100 cfm of 65-degree air is sufficient for most classrooms in California climates. 7)The use of a tuned VAV control strategy will optimize energy savings. 8)DV can be achieved today using a variety of HVAC system designs. 9)DV provides many compelling benefits including energy savings. 43p.

Analyzes how solar radiation, temperature, solar altitude, and solar azimuth affect the power produced by a new thin film photovoltaic panel. Through the application of multiple linear regression, the model developed is then used to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the building integrated photovoltaic roofing system when connected to the utility grid when compared to a conventional roofing system. The analysis is applied to a school building located in Blacksburg, Virginia. Using the current utility rates and the energy consumption data, the payback period of the system is evaluated for full roof, half roof and quarter roof coverage. 93p.

Provides background information on the potential energy use, indoor air quality and acoustic benefits of displaced ventilation as well as field experience with DV in schools and commercial buildings. The applications that could benefit from use of displacement ventilation are described including facility requirements, acoustic requirements, climate-related factors, and indoor air quality. Displacement ventilation system requirements for K-12 schools are defined, including diffuser requirements, HVAC requirements, and optional HVAC system features. Mechanical system options are described including central (chiller-based) plants, packaged direct expansion (DX) variable air volume systems and packaged single zone direct expansion units. Alternative control strategies are discussed and diffuser options are presented. Includes nine references. 15p.

Reviews the current state of carbon emissions from British schools, their sources, and trends that will both increase and decrease carbon emissions in the near future. A variety of practices are proposed that will reduce school carbon emissions based on building design, waste, travel to school, procurement, and food preparation. 76p.

Discusses the virtues of the Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) system for benchmarking school energy use. The steps in the process include gathering and tabulating usage data for all fuels; determining energy use per area, student, and hour; ranking the schools; and developing an action plan. 2p.

Describes five international projects that promote energy savings in schools, including the replacement of a school's three gas boilers with one wood boiler, the construction of a biogas plant to provide cooking fuel for a school cafeteria, and the renovation of schools for energy efficiency financed with anticipated energy savings. 16p.

Briefly describes tax-exempt lease/purchase agreements as a means to finance improvements in school facility energy consumption. 1p.

Outlines six basic reforms that higher education institutions should enact in order to save energy. These are: 1) Upgrade to energy-efficient appliances and building systems. 2) Build high performance new buildings. 3) Buy or generate electricity from renewable resources. 4) Expand transportation alternatives to reduce fuel consumption. 5) Buy products that use less energy, last longer, and are better for the environment. 6) Create a culture of conservation on campus. Includes 69 references. 20p.

SAVES is a free software package that architects, engineers, school officials, and others can use to determine what type of ventilation equipment provides the best advantages for their unique applications. SAVES incorporates two software tools for the school design community: 1) the ERV Financial Assessment Software Tool (also referred to as ‘EFAST’) assesses the financial characteristics of energy recovery ventilation systems for school applications; and 2) the Indoor Humidity Assessment Tool (also referred to as ‘IHAT’) helps school designers assess the moisture control characteristics of ERV systems, along with other building design decisions that can impact indoor moisture levels and indoor air quality.

Explores possibilities for schools to have more stable energy costs because they derive a portion of their electricity from solar panels. Large numbers of solar power systems are already being deployed at U.S. schools. Solar secure schools are not only technically feasible but also economically justified when grid electricity prices are high and volatile or schools are shut down by grid power outages more than once every 10 years. Solar power prices and grid electricity prices are trending strongly in opposite directions, so solar secure schools soon will be an attractive cost control and public safety strategy in most states. This document presents a simple step-by-step process that school officials can use to assess energy security options. 30p.

Examines how colleges and universities are saving money and even making money with renewable energy, which includes solar, wind, biomass, geothermal, and hydropower. They can either build a renewable energy project on or near campus, or they can buy renewable electricity generated by others through a local utility or other supplier. It provides guidance on how to consider the various technologies, ownership options, relationships with utilities, and financial strategies. 153p.

As the trend for obtaining funds for energy projects moves away from utility rebate programs toward other types of financing alternatives, there is a growing need for guidance as to what options are now available, how to assess project payback in advance, how to anticipate and avoid potential risks and/or hidden costs, and how to assure that the project is an economic success. Providing this guidance, this book details innovative methods for financing energy projects. It covers energy service performance contracting, rate of return analysis, and measurement and verification of energy savings. It provides tips to help readers work with lenders and case histories detailing financing success stories. 432p.

This section from the Whole Building Design Guide recommends that during the facility design and development process, projects should have a comprehensive, integrated perspective that seeks to: 1. Reduce heating, cooling and lighting loads through climate-responsive design and conservation practices; 2. Employ renewable energy sources such as daylighting, passive solar heating, photovoltaics, and geothermal; 3. Specify efficient HVAC and lighting systems that consider part-load conditions and utility interface requirements; 4. Optimize building performance and system control strategies such as the use of occupancy sensors and air quality alarms; and 5. Monitor project performance through a policy of commissioning, metering and annual reporting. Detailed information is provided for each recommendation.

Presents numerous graphs comparing the energy use for a conventional versus a high- performance modular classroom. The total energy consumption of the high-performance unit was 30% less than that of the conventional unit. Figures for HVAC, lighting, hot water, and plug load use are broken out as well. Graphs are presented for each month of the year, with special attention to the extreme-temperature months of February and July. Ventilation and carbon dioxide levels are also covered. 18p.

Relates a situation where the Hillsboro School District (Oregon) spent considerable effort to rectify problems with uncommissioned school buildings. Then, when later using renovation grant money that compelled commissioning, the District had a different and positive experience with their buildings. 4p.

Documents the financial costs and benefits of "green" schools compared to conventional schools, with specific reference to Massachusetts. This review of 20 schools nationwide demonstrates that "green" schools cost 1.5 to 2.5% more to build, but provide financial benefits that are 10 to 20 times as large. Individual sections discuss energy savings, emission reduction, water and wastewater impacts, construction and demolition waste, and health and learning benefits. 72p.

Presents results of a survey of New York school business officials that assessed how recent increases in heating fuel prices will affect school operations budgets and how districts are planning for any anticipated budget shortfall. The principal findings of the survey are: 1) 82% of school districts expect a 2005-2006 operations budget shortfall. 2) The average 2005-2006 operations budget shortfall is estimated at $135,646. 3) Based on estimated energy prices, the cumulative impact on New York States schools in 2005-2006 is estimated to be nearly $96,000,000. 4) School districts are prepared to implement a variety initiatives to close the anticipated budget gap, with the vast majority implementing new conservation efforts or strictly enforcing existing ones. This and other measures that avoid a negative impact on the educational program are described, including reducing non-school and after-school use of facilities, cooperative energy purchasing, and using alternative energy sources. 7p.

Summarizes a general HVAC load calculation for a hypothetical single-level classroom building in coastal Southern California, and an identical building in Sacramento, including accommodations for thermal displacement ventilation (TDV). Subsequent sections of the report provide a schematic description of three design options for applying TDV in the hypothetical classroom building. For each of the three options, a summary of the system design, major components, HVAC sequences of operation, and estimated capital costs are indicated. For each design option, an effort has been made to address the relative advantages, disadvantages, and limitations of each TDV design option, and to highlight differences from conventional HVAC design approaches. A general schematic of the system layout, room layout and room section are included for each system design. 18p.

Documents the requirements for new products designed specifically for thermal displacement ventilation (TDV), with the objective of identifying new products for TDV that are not currently available. The identification of new products springs from the TDV design charrette, system design options study, and market barriers study performed in this California research project. 12p.

Oregon school districts constructing energy efficient facilities and/or making energy improvements to existing buildings have several financing options available through the Oregon Department of Energy. This describes the Energy Loan Program, SB1149 Public Purpose Funds, Performance Contracting, and the Business Energy Tax Credit Program.

Describes significant energy savings realized through a real-time data collection system that interfaced with the existing building automation system and a new distributed electric metering scheme. By this means, the institution was able to accurately monitor, verify, analyze, and benchmark its energy and procurement operations, as well as meet state-mandated energy consumption restrictions. 3p.

Provides guidance for environmentally preferable maintenance and operation practices in buildings, including landscaping, snow removal and de-icing, cleaning practices and product selection, and maintenance of building systems, including parking garages 101p.

Describes how the energy savings from geothermal heat pumps can typically pay for the system in ten years through reduced energy and maintenance costs. Indoor air quality benefits are also described. The study also finds that U.S. schools spend $6 billion a year on energy and that $1.5 billion to $2.4 billion could be saved if U.S. schools converted to geothermal. Includes 15 references. 5p.

In this study, the energy consumption of two relocatable classrooms located on the southern portion of the campus of Chapel Hill High School in Chapel Hill, NC is investigated. One classroom, the control, was specified and purchased by the Chapel Hill-Carrboro City School System. The other is a performance enhanced classroom designed by the Florida Solar Energy Center and purchased by the North Carolina Solar Center. Both classrooms are 24' by 40' modular structures, completely underpinned, and located adjacent to one another for a side by side comparison. The energy consumption and indoor conditions of each classroom are monitored by a data-logging system that also records outdoor conditions via a weather station. The performance enhanced classroom is equipped with a 3 ton, SEER 12 heat pump controlled by a Bard CS2000 unit, six skylights, increased insulation and envelope sealing, a demand control ventilation system with an energy recovery wheel, and a day lighting system controlled by occupancy sensors. The control classroom is equipped with a wall-mounted 10 kW electric furnace/air conditioning system. A programmable thermostat was also installed in the control classroom after two months of data was collected. A building model is prepared using the Energy-10 software package to estimate the impact the various design changes have on the energy consumption of each classroom. [Author's abstract] 54p.

Documents the post-occupancy energy performance analysis of Oberlin Colleges Adam Joseph Lewis Center, an academic building designed to be an energy producer, rather than an energy consumer. Among the buildings features are passive solar design, natural ventilation, enhanced thermal envelope, and geothermal heat pumps for heating and cooling. The building also has a roof- integrated photovoltaic (PV) system to allow solar electricity to provide energy to the building. This study evaluated the performance of the building and some of its subsystems over three years in order to improve the initial performance and document lessons learned to improve future low-energy buildings. During the three years of observation, the several problem areas in energy use were corrected. Operational changes and equipment upgrades were made during the second year. The third year was colder than normal, yet by that time the building's energy used dropped 37% from the first year's. 140p.

The primary goals of this research effort are to develop, evaluate, and demonstrate a very practical HVAC system for classrooms that consistently provides quantity of ventilation in current minimum standards, while saving energy, and reducing HVAC related noise levels. This research is motivated by the public benefits of energy efficiency, evidence that many clasrooms are under-ventilated, and public concerns about indoor environmental quality in classrooms. This document provides a summary of the detailed plans developed for the field study that will take place in 2005 to evaluate the energy and IAQ performance of a new classroom HVAC technology. The field study will include measurements of HVAC energy use, ventilation rates, and IEQ conditions in 10 classrooms with the new HVAC technology and in six control classrooms with a standard HVAC system. Energy use and many IEQ parameters will be monitored continuously and remotely, while other IEQ measurements will be performed seasonally. The study plan include the collection of real time data for a full school year, the use of high quality instrumentation, the incorporation of many quality control measures, and the extensive collaborations with industry that limit costs to the sponsors. 16p.

Describes the success of this school district's energy management program, run by an energy manger who monitors energy bills, trains and motivates maintenance, custodial, and administrative personnel. 3p.

Guides in selection, funding, purchase, placement, and planting of trees to create shade for health and energy conservation. Presented in curriculum format, the guide explains the scientific justification for adding trees to the environment, then organizes the process into the following steps: 1)Establish an EcoTeam, 2)Conduct an EcoReview, 3)Develop an action plan, 4)Implement the action plan, and 4)Monitor and evaluate progress. 84p.

Provides detailed practical guidance on how K-12 school districts can plan and implement enhancements to their current operations and maintenance programs that can successfully maintain their facilities while also reducing energy costs up to 20 percent. Most of the strategies detailed entail limited capital costs and produce rapid paybacks. In addition to technical information, the guide provides organizational information on barriers, challenges, the steps necessary to develop this type of program. Reviews successful strategies from a wide variety of American school districts and includes case studies. 114p.

Using an elementary school as an example, this paper demonstrates how building simulation can be used as late in the process as the early construction phase of a building project, though usually with increasing cost of building modifications. Using building utility budget as an indicator, the options presented through use of building simulation tools can justify the change to the design or construction, by showing a reduction in the expected operational costs over the lifetime of the building. 163-168p.

Presents conclusions from computational flow dynamics analysis of various classrooms in this California research into displacement ventilation in schools: 1) Sufficient cooling and thermal comfort can be provided through two displacement diffusers, providing 65- degree supply air. 2)A 9-foot ceiling is sufficient for thermal displacement ventilation. Benefits of stratification are seen with high (12-foot) ceilings; as a result, less air is required to maintain the same room setpoint, for the same design cooling loads. 3)Marginal comfort is maintained at locations close to the diffusers. The temperatures at floor level are cool (67-68 degrees). Seated students should be situated at a distance of at least 4 feet from the corner diffusers, to stay comfortable. 4) Lighting loads contribute less heat to the occupied zone than occupant or equipment loads. 5) Displacement ventilation shows improvements in ventilation effectiveness, as evidenced by lower CO2 levels and a lower mean age of air in the occupied zone. 66p.

Advises on a variety of building features that impact energy consumption, including daylighting, solar energy, lighting, electrical systems, HVAC systems, plumbing, and water conservation. The publication describes varieties of systems available under each category, advises on their costs, and illustrates the energy impact of each. 29p.

Presents simple ways to lower energy and water costs for existing school facilities that do not involve renovation or retrofitting. An inspection of bills and meters may reveal overcharges, duplicate billings, and inefficient payment processing. Adjustments to HVAC, light usage, and grounds watering can often be made without any negative impact on the facility or user comfort. Often, ignorance of systems settings create excess usage that is easily remedied by educating the staff. 4p.

Describes how a small school district reduced its energy costs by 15% in one year without spending any extra money. This was achieved by auditing energy use and discovering HVAC programming errors that caused unoccupied space to be heated. Thermostat settings, lighting, and use of computers and appliances were also addressed. 4p.

Presents a report on the coordination of research for this study of thermal displacement ventilation (TDV) in California schools. The existing literature was reviewed to determine important design factors on TDV performance. The ceiling height, the location of the heat sources, and the convection heat flow at the wall impact the temperature stratification. Design guidelines were formed from results of computational flow dynamics (CFD) analysis and experimental data. These guidelines consist of predictions of floor temperature, the temperature difference between head and foot level, and ventilation effectiveness. The CFD and experimental results can support the existing design guidelines, or serve as the basis for new guidelines. Includes 30 references. 12p.

This technology transfer plan provides a time-phased tabulation and description of documents to be published and distributed to disseminate the results and to increase the market penetration of the thermal displacement ventilation (TDV) and ultraviolet-c (UDV) technologies being studied in this The plan addresses market barriers that often impede the adoption of new technologies and analyzes the roles of influential market participants in the funding, specification, installation and operation of these technologies. Potential advantages and disadvantages TDV and UVC technologies are tabulated. Information dissemination channels are outlined for each set of market participants, including publications, periodicals, web sits and upcoming meetings. Technology transfer materials are described that can overcome market barriers for the influential market participants. Anticipated technology transfer deliverables are tabulated with the expected delivery date and channel to be used. 43p.

Describes principles of sustainable design and provides guidance for owners formulating a program for sustainable building, communicating the benefits of sustainability, working with design professionals, and ultimately taking ownership and maintaining the facility. Several European sustainable schools and sources for additional information are cited. 43p.

Describes a commissioning project for an underperforming new HVAC system. The process identified 72 discrepancies in the installation and operation of the system, made necessary repairs and replacements, and trained staff on the new system. 5p.

Provides guidance for performing energy life cycle cost analyses (ELCCA) in Washington State and promoting the selection of low life cycle cost alternatives. Chapters 1 and 2 define energy life cycle cost analysis and explain which agencies and projects are affected by the ELCCA requirements. Chapters 3 through 7 provide the instructions and forms needed to prepare the ELCCA submittals. Chapter 8 is the ELCCA submittal evaluation that addresses the timing and completeness of each ELCCA submittal. Many components of this document are specific to Washington State building owners, but the auditing, reporting, and product selection procedures are generally applicable nationwide. 21p.

These guidelines are intended to assist design professionals who want to specify energy-efficient roof systems, as well as those who need to meet the requirements of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers Inc. (ASHRAE) Standard 90.1-1999, "Energy Efficient Design of New Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential."

Presents an overview of energy-efficient technologies that may be eligible for financial assistance from the Maine High Performance Schools Program. Artificial lighting, daylighting, mechanical systems, heating systems, and life cycle cost analysis are described. 24p.

Describes how performance contract management can provide added funds for K-12 school improvement projects, with sections on how performance contracting works, case studies, and recommended sources. Under performance contracts, energy service companies (ESCOs) contract with school districts to pay for improvements from savings in energy innovations. If guaranteed savings don't materialize for the customer to the extent projected, the ESCO pays the difference. Depending on negotiations, performance contracts allow for either the customer or the contractor to keep any "excess" savings during the contract term. After the end of the contract term, the customer keeps all savings. 6p.

Outlines princples and processes for achieving a sustainable school, covering issues that should be considered throughout the design and construction process. The individual elements of sustainable schools are enumerated, and the processes for securing them described. Extensive practical advice from two architects and a government official, along with case studies of nine schools that addressed sustainability are included. 55p.

This tool helps decision-makers answer three critical questions about energy efficiency investments: 1.How much new energy efficiency equipment can be purchased from the anticipated savings?; 2.Should this equipment purchase be financed now, or is it better to wait and use cash from a future budget?; and 3.Is money being lost by waiting for a lower interest rate?

This benchmarking tool allows school districts to compare their energy performance among their own schools and against schools nationwide. The free, on-line tool is password protected, and rates schools on a scale of 1 to 100. Schools that score a 75 or over and meet indoor environmental criteria earn the ENERGY STAR label- a metal plaque to display on top-performing buildings.

Summarizes comparative energy performance data from side-by-side installations of standard and energy-efficient portable classrooms in New York, North Carolina, and Florida. The monitoring showed that the heating and cooling needs dominated the energy requirements, with lighting accounting for only about 10-15% of total use. The long term energy savings of the energy-efficient models were 34% for New York, 46% for North Carolina, and 81% for Florida. The specifications of the units and nine references are included. 13p.

Discusses the full-scale mockup classrooms developed to determine the supply airflow and supply air temperature conditions necessary to meet classroom cooling loads and maintain thermal comfort in this California research. Specifications for prototypical classrooms were developed to be representative of cooling loads and operating conditions found in modern classrooms. These specifications were translated into building models, and energy simulations were run to determine boundary conditions for a range of cooling loads and conditions. 17p.

Evaluates energy use and the energy efficiency performance of the renovations to the The University of Michigan's 100-year-old S. T. Dana Building for the purposes of obtaining LEED certification. The study demonstrated that energy savings in the renovated Dana Building are primarily from use of radiant cooling panels. There was a 12% savings in total regulated energy consumption (heating, cooling, fans and pumps, service hot water and interior lighting) and a 20% cost savings renovations led to an annual savings of 279,000 kWh of electricity and 586 Mbtu of chilled water. This in turn saved $22,861 and $11,474 for electricity and chilled water, respectively, at the current utility rates. The steam usage increased slightly and cost an extra $1,739. A comparison between the total energy demand in Fiscal Year 2002-03 and the simulated Base and Proposed Models of the Dana Building is also made. 99p.

Reports results of monitoring to develop reasonable energy performance and cost models for high performance relocatable classrooms across California climates. A key objective was to validate simulations for comparison to initial performance projections. The validated model was then used to develop statewide savings projections by modeling base case and high performance relocatable classroom operation in the 16 California climate zones. Includes 15 references. 38p.

Recommends organizing a district energy management team, conducting a district-wide energy needs assessment, and then drafting an energy action plan to control school energy costs. Goals described are energy-efficient design for new construction, setting up a program for energy accounting and tracking, evaluating energy efficiency upgrades and creative funding, performing regular maintenance, hiring or designating a district energy manager, and involving staff, teachers, and students. 34p.

Presents a detailed analysis of costs and financial benefits of environmentally sensitive building design and occupancy practices. The study concludes that an upfront investment of about two percent of construction costs typically yields life cycle savings of over ten times the initial investment. Topics covered include reduced energy and water use, less waste, lower operations and maintenance costs, and increased occupant health and productivity. (Includes 20 annotated references.) 120p.

Describes how to protect and enhance school indoor air quality while improving energy efficiency. Common threats to indoor air quality are described, as is the energy cost of outdoor ventilation, energy recovery ventilation, and energy efficiency measures where adjustments may be necessary. 5p.

Students and teachers from 37 of the over 80 California Green Schools describe their accomplishments in this booklet. Includes their strategies to reduce energy waste and bring the energy efficiency message into the community.

Assists facility owners, architects, engineers, designers, facility managers, and utility demand-side management specialists in identifying and applying advanced energy-efficiency features in laboratory-type environments. The Guide focuses on laboratory energy design issues with a systems design approach that views the entire building as the essential system. This means the larger, macro energy-efficiency considerations during architectural programming come before the smaller, micro component selection such as an energy-efficient fan.

Rebuild America is a program of the U.S. Department of Energy that focuses on energy-savings solutions as community solutions. This guide focuses on colleges and universities. Each chapter spells out options and provides guidance for implementing projects that can save substantial energy and money. Information is taken from successful projects implemented nationwide. Each section ends with case studies that provide examples of how the nation's colleges and universities are realizing energy savings. Four sections focus on: (1) "Project Financing" (e.g., financing options and common financial misconceptions); (2) "Clean Fuel Fleets" (e.g., biodiesel and ethanol); (3) "Combined Heat and Power" (e.g., system components and system integration and sizing options); and (4) "Emissions Markets" (e.g., air pollution and climate change programs and opportunities for colleges and universities to participate in air pollution markets). 55p.

This report provides national estimates on energy needs and expenditures of U.S. public school districts. The survey provides estimates of Fiscal Year (FY) 2000 energy expenditures, FY 2001 energy budgets and expenditures, and FY 2002 energy budgets; methods used to cover energy budget shortfalls in FY 2001; and possible reasons for those shortfalls. The survey also explored the cost-saving measures that school districts took in FY 2000, FY 2001, and FY 2002. Finally, the survey examined the extent to which the chief financial officer of the school district (or other district respondent) perceived the school district succeeded in reducing energy usage and cost per unit. The nationally representative sample of approximately 1,000 regular school districts was selected from the 1999–2000 Common Core of Data Local Education Agency Universe file. 87p.

Presents a range of options for increasing energy efficiency in schools, gathered from a survey of 227 school business officials. These options include stronger consideration of long-term building cost over initial cost, energy-efficiency requirements for retrofits of older schools, energy managers in school districts, special billing categories for schools, mandatory energy codes or design guidelines, stronger building energy codes, state energy incentive programs, and performance contracting. The most vital elements of successful state incentive programs are also detailed, and the complete survey document is included. 49p.

Reviews useful documents from the California Office of Public School Construction and several "feature projects" that illustrate recent school facility planning ideas and design solutions approved by the Division of the State Architect and the California Department of Education. Examples of prototype school plans, developer-built schools, and design-built schools are highlighted. 59p.

The North Santiam School District stretched $350,000 into $1.2 million to upgrade antiquated school buildings by implementing energy-saving lighting, heating, and control projects, thereby qualifying for Oregon's SB1149 public purpose funds, and by using a tax credit pass-through option, made possible with a partnership with Nike, an Oregon-based shoe, apparel, and sports equipment manafacturer. 5p.

There is more information packed into this two-page sheet than in many full-length studies. Includes salient facts that can help decision makers formulate an argument for implementing energy-saving projects in schools, such as "The 118,000 public and private K-12 schools in the nation are spending about $6 billion annually on energy costs--25 percent to 30 percent more than they need to." Provides snapshots of four schools around the country with successful lighting, retrofitting, air quality, and integrated design projects. Includes briefly stated statistics and facts about saving energy in schools. 2p.

This describes how to reliably measure energy savings due to building energy management projects. A standardized set of energy and demand savings calculation procedures, the guidelines provide information on minimum acceptable levels of performance in determiniing energy and demand savings in commercial transactions.

Provides a rating system for use with laboratory building projects to assess environmental performance. It builds on the LEED Green Building Rating System that was developed by the U.S. Green Building Council. As with the LEED system for commercial and institutional facilities, this publication proposes a point system that quantifies sustainable building features and practices, with the goal of obtaining silver, gold, and or platinum ratings. 25p.

This guide was developed specifically for architects and engineers who are responsible for designing or retrofitting schools, and for the project managers who work with the design teams. The design strategies presented here are organized into 10 chapters covering important design disciplines and goals: (1) site design; (2) daylighting and windows; (3) energy-efficient building shell; (4) lighting and electrical systems; (5) mechanical and ventilation systems; (6) renewable energy systems; (7) water conservation; (8) recycling systems and waste management; (9) transportation; and (10) resource-efficient building products. An additional chapter addresses commissioning and maintenance practices. Each chapter contains a list of related resources. 457p.

The U.S. Department of Energy's EnergySmart Schools provides school boards, administrators, and design staff with guidance to help them make informed decisions about energy and environmental issues important to school systems and communities. The design guidelines presented in this document outline high performance principles for the new or retrofit design of K-12 schools. The document presents recommended design elements in 10 sections, each represent