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WATER CONSERVATION IN SCHOOLS
NCEF's resource list of links, books, and journal articles on water efficiency, water recycling, and plumbing issues in school buildings and grounds. 
Green Existing Schools Implementation Workbook.http://www.usgbc.org/ShowFile.aspx?DocumentID=6427 (U.S. Green Building Council, Washington, DC , 2009)
Assists with the evaluation and improvement of current school operations and maintenance practices and policies. The workbook is organized by LEED for Existing Buildings: O&M prerequisites and credits, though not all prerequisites and credits in the rating system are addressed by the workbook. The guidance and tools contained in the workbook correspond to prerequisites and credits that lend themselves to a campus- or
district-wide application. The workbook includes sample policies, programs, plans, and surveys, along with data collection forms, worksheets, and tables. 108p.
Green Existing Schools: Project Management Guide.http://www.usgbc.org/ShowFile.aspx?DocumentID=6428 (U.S. Green Building Council, Washington, DC , 2009)
Helps schools and school districts "green" their existing facilities and achieve LEED® (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certification. The guide outlines the process for navigating LEED certification for existing schools and provides details on how to conduct organizational assessments,educate and train staff, initiate the certification process, and manage a campus- or district-wide plan. It is designed to be used in concert with additional resources contained in the Green Existing Schools Toolkit (www.usgbc.org/k12toolkit). 85p.
Greening Our Built World: Costs, Benefits, and Strategies.Kats, Greg (Island Press, Washington, DC, 2009)
Reports the results of a large-scale study based on extensive financial and technical analyses of more than 150 green buildings in the United States and ten other countries. The study analyzes the costs and financial benefits of building green on both large and small scales, and addresses the role of the built environment in reducing carbon dioxide emissions. The author reports that green buildings cost roughly 2 per cent more to build than conventional buildings - far less than previously assumed - and provide a wide range of financial, health, and social benefits. In addition, green buildings reduce energy use by an average of 33 per cent. The book also evaluates the cost-effectiveness of "green community development." 280
TO ORDER:
http://www.islandpress.com/
Water Conservation Tips and Information, Relating to the Construction and Maintenance of Public Schools in North Carolina.
http://www.schoolclearinghouse.org/pubs/WaterConservationInformation.pdf (Public Schools of North Carolina, School Planning Section, Raleigh , Jan 2008)
Offers water conservation tips for school kitchens, athletic fields, and restrooms. 4p.
Wisconsin Green & Healthy Schools Program Assessment.
http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/caer/ce/greenschools/assessment.htm (Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison , 2008)
These assessment forms are designed to help schools identify what types of healthy, safe, and environmentally sound activities are already in place and where the school can improve its efforts. The Wisconsin program requires that the energy, waste, and recycling, and water sections be done along with any two of the remaining sections that cover chemicals, community involvement, facilities and grounds, indoor air quality, integrated pest management, mercury, and transportation.
LEED for Schools for New Construction and Major Renovations.
http://www.usgbc.org/ShowFile.aspx?DocumentID=2593 (United States Green Building Council, Washington, DC , Apr 2007)
Based on the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system for new construction, the LEED for Schools Rating System considers the unique nature of the design and construction of K-12 schools, addressing issues such as classroom acoustics, master planning, mold prevention, and environmental site assessment. By addressing the uniqueness of school spaces and children's health issues, LEED for Schools provides a tool for schools that wish to build green, with measurable results. LEED for Schools is a third-party standard for high performance schools that are healthy for students, comfortable for teachers, and cost-effective. It provides parents, teachers and the community a "report card" for their school buildings, by verifying that schools are built healthy, efficient, and comfortable. 77p.
LEED for Schools Registered Project Checklist.
http://www.usgbc.org/ShowFile.aspx?DocumentID=2616 (United States Green Building Council, Washington, DC , 2007)
Provides a checklist for estimating potential Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)certification, listing the attributes of site selection and design, water efficiency, energy use, effect on atmosphere, building materials, indoor air quality, and innovation in design that are considered under the LEED system. The number of required points in each category are shown, with an opportunity to indicate whether or not features within that category are in place, and then add up the points. 2p.
Water Quality Funding Sources.
http://www.epa.gov/safewater/schools/pdfs/lead/funding_schools_fundingsources.pdf (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC , Oct 2006)
Provides detail on 65 potential funding resources to help school and child care facilities implement drinking water quality programs. The guide includes information on the funding priorities, grant-making history, available funding, eligibility criteria, and geographic focus of each donor. 79p.
Report NO: EPA 816-B-06-005
The Real Dry Facts.
http://www.schoolfacilities.com/cd_1884.aspx (SchoolFacilities.com, Orange, CA , Jan 2006)
Describes how waterless urinals work, what they cost to buy and operate, and documents their successful installation in several schools in Floyd County, Georgia. 2p.
Water Conservation Ideas for Schools and Colleges.
http://web.archive.org/web/20070502132209 (Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, 2006)
Present general water conservation ideas for schools, as well as suggestion for specific areas such as kitchens, pools, and grounds.
Water Systems on School Grounds
http://www.ecoschools.com/Water/Water_wSidebar.html (EcoSchool Design , 2006)
This is a list of resources providing information about water systems on school grounds, including watershed projects, water recycling, constructed wetlands, storm drains, etc. There is also a list of case studies with examples of some of the water projects that are already working at schools around the world.
North Carolina Public School Energy Guidelines.
http://www.schoolclearinghouse.org/pubs/ENERGY.pdf (Public Schools of North Carolina, Division of School Support-School Planning, Raleigh , May 2004)
Advises on a variety of building features that impact energy consumption, including daylighting, solar energy, lighting, electrical systems, HVAC systems, plumbing, and water conservation. The publication describes varieties of systems available under each category, advises on their costs, and illustrates the energy impact of each. 29p.
Energy and Water Conservation: Techniques to Reduce Waste and Improve the Budgetary Bottom Line.
http://web.archive.org/web/20071029102730 Peterson, David (The Council of Educational Facility Planners International, Scottsdale, AZ , May 2004)
Presents simple ways to lower energy and water costs for existing school facilities that do not involve renovation or retrofitting. An inspection of bills and meters may reveal overcharges, duplicate billings, and inefficient payment processing. Adjustments to HVAC, light usage, and grounds watering can often be made without any negative impact on the facility or user comfort. Often, ignorance of systems settings create excess usage that is easily remedied by educating the staff. 4p.
Report NO: Issuetrak 17
Water Conservation at Work.
http://www.ci.greeley.co.us/2/PageX.asp?fkOrgId=44&PageURL=schools (City of Greeley, CO , 2004)
Presents a checklist to help facility managers evaluate the appropriateness of various water-saving adjustments. Specific suggestions for kitchens, pools, HVAC, cleaning, maintenance, and grounds are offered. 6p.
Water Efficiency and Management in Schools, Colleges, and Athletic Facilities.
http://www.p2pays.org/ref/05/04650.htm (North Carolina Division of Pollution Prevention and Environmental Assistance, Raleigh, 2003)
The Massachusetts Water Resources Authority Industrial, Commercial and Institutional Water Management program has
produced surveys and water efficiency plans for almost a dozen schools and athletic facilities, including high schools, vocational-technical schools, colleges, universities and YMCAs. The facilities studied had annual water usage ranging from 2 million gallons to over 17 million gallons. This lists some suggestions and examples of Water Efficiency Measures (WEMs) that have proven successful or have potential applications in typical facilities studied throughout the MWRA service area. Water and sewer rates, as well as cost/savings paybacks, are based on 1993 figures for all examples.
Water Conservation Checklist: Schools/Education Facilities. Every Drop Counts.
http://www.p2pays.org/search/pdfframe.asp?pdfurl=/ref/23/22009.pdf (North Carolina Division of Pollution Prevention and Environmental Assistance, Raleigh , Aug 2002)
This describes numerous steps that schools can take to implement a successful water conservation program, including initiating a school-wide conservation campaign, identifying water usage and repair leaks, fixture and equipment retrofits, water recycling, etc. 3p.
National Best Practices Manual for Building High Performance Schools.
http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy08osti/31545.pdf (U.S. Dept. of Energy, National Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO. , 2002)
This guide was developed specifically for architects and engineers who are responsible for designing or retrofitting schools, and for the project managers who work with the design teams. The design strategies presented here are organized into 10 chapters covering important design disciplines and goals: (1) site design; (2) daylighting and windows; (3) energy-efficient building shell; (4) lighting and electrical systems; (5) mechanical and ventilation systems; (6) renewable energy systems; (7) water conservation; (8) recycling systems and waste management; (9) transportation; and (10) resource-efficient building products. An additional chapter addresses commissioning and maintenance practices. Each chapter contains a list of related resources. 457p.
Report NO: DOE/GO-102002-1610
Water Conservation Tips for Schools.
http://www.epa.gov/region01/eco/drinkwater/water_conservation_schools.html (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 1. , 2002)
Schools use a tremendous amount of water everyday, and require water for their heating and cooling systems, restrooms, drinking water faucets, locker rooms, cafeteria, laboratories, and outdoor playing fields and lawns. To reduce water use in the school, EPA suggests replacing old equipment such as dishwashers with energy-saving devices, repairing water leaks and leaky toilets, installing water aerators and automatic shut-off devices on faucets, using low-flow shower heads and timer shut-off devices to reduce water use during showers, and installing toilet dams on older models. This also describes WAVE (Water Alliances for Voluntary Efficiency), an EPA program designed to focus attention on the value of water and the need for efficient use of this important natural resource.
Water Saving Tips for Schools and Colleges.
http://www.mde.state.md.us/Programs/WaterPrograms/ (Maryland Department of the Environment, 1999)
Includes a list of general suggestions as well as specific tips on building maintenance, kitchen and laundry areas, pool, and exterior areas.
Greening the Ivory Tower.
Creighton, Sarah (The MIT PRess, Cambridge, MA , 1998)
Relates actions taken by various higher education institutions that reduce the environmental impact of decisions and activities. Based on the experiences of Tufts CLEAN! program, each action is simple enough that any university community can expect to be able to accomplish it. The book begins with an overview of university functions, principles of environmental protection and change, and data gathering. It then proceeds to address activities in the areas of buildings and grounds, purchasing, dining services, academic and office activities, laboratories, and student activities. Includes 117 references. 337p.
TO ORDER:
55 Hayward Street, Cambridge, MA 02142-1493; Tel: 401-658-4226, Toll-free: 800-405-1619http://mitpress.mit.edu
Green Investment, Green Return: How Practical Conservation Projects Save Millions on America's Campuses.
Eagan, David; Keniry, Julian (National Wildlife Federation, Reston, VA , 1998)
Highlights 23 cost-saving conservation initiatives at 15 public and private postsecondary institutions across the United States. Savings per project ranged from little more than $1,000 to $9 million, and the total savings across the 23 projects were $16.8 million, which represents an average of $728,500 per campus. The projects address issues of transportation, energy and water conservation, materials re-use and redistribution, composting, recycling, and management of hazardous chemicals. 77p.
TO ORDER:
National Wildlife Federation, 11100 Wildlife Center Drive. Reston, VA 20190-5362; Tel: 800-822-9919
https://m1.buysub.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/CategoryDisplay
Ecodemia: Campus Environmental Stewardship at the Turn of the 21st Century.
Keniry, Julian (National Wildlife Federation, Reston, VA , 1995)
Documents environmentally friendly campus facility management innovations based on interviews with the people behind the green practices. The book includes a portrait of environmental responsibility as envisioned and practiced by colleges and universities nationwide, chapters on facets of campus operations, including procurement, dining services, landscaping, and energy; case studies and individual profiles of administrators, staff, faculty, and students who have transformed their own work and changed their institutions; project histories, including pitfalls to avoid, as well as steps to success; quotes that reveal the nuts and bolts of campus change and show how environmental careers are really made; and examples that debunk the myth of stodgy administrators behind closed doors and show how students, faculty, and staff are working together. Includes 37 references. 222p.
TO ORDER:
National Wildlife Federation, 11100 Wildlife Center Drive. Reston, VA 20190-5362; Tel: 800-822-9919 https://m1.buysub.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/CategoryDisplay
Saving Water. Managing School Facilities Guide 1.
http://www.eric.ed.gov/contentdelivery (Department for Education, Architects and Building Branch, London, England , 1993)
This guide, aimed at British teachers and school board members, looks at typical water costs for schools and points out financial and environmental benefits of using water economically. Describes ways of saving water, including leak detection and urinal flush controllers. A school water management checklist is included. 17p.
Plumbing: Rewarding Retrofits.
http://www.facilitiesnet.com/plumbingrestrooms/article/Plumbing-Fixtures-Task-Force-Determines-Campus-Water-Use--11321 Matt, Chris Maintenance Solutions; v17 n11 , p18,19 ; Nov 2009
Describes conversion to water-saving plumbing fixtures at the University of Georgia, as well as attention to water use in cooling towers and research buildings. A saving of 90 million gallons of annual water use per year was realized.
Turn Off the Tap: Saving H2O One Drop at a Time.
Zimmerman, Rob Facility Management Journal; v19 n6 , p52-53,55 ; Nov-Dec 2009
Discusses the cost of transporting and treating water, building functions that do not require potable water, and increasing regulation covering water consumption
Restrooms: Upgrade to Green.
http://www.facilitiesnet.com/plumbingrestrooms/article/Restroom-Retrofits-Fixture-Tech nology- Expands--11220 Huff, Winston Maintenance Solutions; v17 n10 , p8,10 ; Oct 2009
Discusses water-saving restroom fixtures, including high-efficiency toilets, and sensor-activated flushing controls. Different faucet flow rates for different types of hand washing are also addressed, as are potential incentives from local water utilities for reducing water use.
Soaking up the Storm.
http://www.edcmag.com/Articles/Feature_Article/BNP_GUID_9-5- 2006_A_10000000000000654540 Hieber, Mark; King, Susan Environmental Design and Construction; v12 n9 ; Sep 2009
Describes how Lawrence Technological University responded to a mandate to control rainwater runoff with a green roof on its new student services building, graywater toilets, and bioswales. Project statistics, a list of design and construction participants, and list of materials used are included.
Smart Landscaping for Your Facility.
Hanson, Dave Facility Management Journal; v19 n4 , p52-55 ; Jul-Aug 2009
Advises on replacing high-maintenance landscapes with those that use less water, heartier plants, sophisticated and properly zoned water delivery systems. Updating landscaping when buildings are renovated is recommended.
Saving Water, Saving Dollars.
http://www.peterli.com/spm/resources/articles/archive.php?article_id=2187 Reichardt, Klaus College Planning and Management; v12 n4 , p54,56,58,60 ; Apr 2009
Reviews worsening drought situations worldwide, increasing demands for water, typical municipal efforts to curb water use, and higher education efforts to reduce water use in restrooms and to capture rainwater.
Going Green by Thinking Blue.
Womack, Jack School Planning and Management; v48 n4 , p38,40-42,44 ; Apr 2009
Discusses the use of rainwater as a teaching tool, by creating rain gardens bioswales, permeable pavers, and green roofs at school facilities. Explanations of these four features and advice on how to create them are offered, along with advantages of retaining rainwater onsite and use of native plant species.
Putting Waterless to Work.
http://www.facilitiesnet.com/plumbingrestrooms/article/Modifying-Faucet-Aerators-and- Checking-for-Leaks-to-Save-Water--10380 Yon, Douglas; Cosaboon, David Maintenance Solutions; v17 n1 , p8,10 ; Jan 2009
Describes three current designs for waterless urinals, how they are installed in existing restrooms, maintenance and cleaning of the units, and training of custodial staff to work with them.
The Greener Side of Restroom Design.
http://www.facilitymanagement.com/articles/green2-1208.html Alderson, Kris American School and Hospital Facility; v31 n6 , p18-20 ; Nov-Dec 2008
Discusses strategies for energy- and water-saving restrooms, including low-volume toilets, waterless urinals, furnishings made of recycled content, and touchless fixtures.
Necessary Upgrades.
http://asumag.com/Washrooms/necessary_upgrades_restrooms/ Watson, John American School and University; v80 n13 , p175-178 ; Aug 2008
Discusses water-saving restroom upgrades for existing campus facilities. Water-saving toilets and urinals are recommended for first consideration, and advice on earning LEED points for these upgrades is included.
Sustainability Spotlight: Water Conservation.
http://www.facilitiesnet.com/ms/article.asp?id=9412 Westerkamp, Thomas Maintenance Solutions; v16 n8 , p18,20 ; Aug 2008
Identifies typical sources of water waste in restrooms, HVAC systems, landscaping, and custodial procedures. Techniques for finding leaks and waste are described, as is an approach to quantifying savings from water-saving upgrades.
Rainwater: The Untapped Resource.
http://www.hpbmagazine.org/images/stories/articles/Rainwater.pdf Nicklas, Michael High Performing Buildings; , p26-28,30-32,34-36 ; Summer 2008
Discusses the relationship of water use to energy consumption, and advocates for greater use of collected rainwater for irrigation and toilets. Advantages of rainwater use include reduction of stormwater runoff, municipal water use, and chlorine use. Advice on designing a collection, storage, and distribution system is accompanied by charts illustrating water savings from four North Carolina schools. Includes 11 references.
Why It's Worthwhile to Install Touchfree Plumbing.
http://www.facilitymanagement.com/articles/maintenance3-0808.html Watson, John American School and Hospital Facility; v31 n4 , p6,8,9 ; Jul-Aug 2008
Contradicts three excuses generally given for not using touchfree bathroom fixtures, and lists a variety of water-saving and health considerations that support its installation. Results of research regarding the quantity of germs on traditional sink hardware are accompanied by a review of the varieties of options in touchfree systems.
Quality Counts.
http://asumag.com/Washrooms/university_quality_counts/ Alderson, Kris American School and University; v80 n11 , p32-34 ; Jun 2008
Reviews nationwide efforts to reduce energy and water consumption at schools, and briefly profiles water-saving strategies for restrooms including efficient toilets, showers, and lavatories.
It's Not Easy Being Green.
http://www.peterli.com/cpm/resources/articles/archive.php?article_id=1798 Milshtein, Amy College Planning and Management; v11 n4 , p38,40,42 ; Apr 2008
Describes ways to "recommission" existing higher education buildings for energy and water savings.
Plumbing: The Repair-Replace Decision.
http://www.facilitiesnet.com/ms/article.asp?id=8598 Van der Have, Pieter Maintenance Solutions; v16 n4 , p27,28,30 ; Apr 2008
Advises on identifying reasons for excessive wear on plumbing fixtures and funding replacement systems.
Frugal Flow.
http://asumag.com/Washrooms/frugal_flow_highuse_flush/ Nortier, Richard American School and University; v80 n7 , p34-36 ; Mar 2008
Reviews water-saving school restroom devices, including high-use flushing devices and monitored plumbing control systems.
Conserving Water Gets the Spotlight.
http://www.cfmmag.com/print/Campus-Facility-Maintenance/Conserving-Water-Gets-th e-Spotlight/1$438 Shoemaker, Dawn Campus Facility Maintenance; v4 n3 , p26,27 ; Fall 2007
Reviews water-saving dual flush toilets and waterless urinals, including the savings on plumbing and maintenance costs realized with waterless urinals.
Greener Pastures.
http://asumag.com/energy/university_greener_pastures/ Kennedy, Mike American School and University; v80 n1 , p40,42,43 ; Sep 2007
Briefly reviews energy saving and generating strategies,including daylighting, water conservation and recycling strategies, geothermal HVAC sytesm, and wind and solar energy.
Water, Water Everywhere.
http://www.peterli.com/archive/spm/1549.shtm Milshtein, Amy School Planning and Management; v46 n7 , p34,36,37 ; Jul 2007
Discusses techniques for keeping water out of school buildings. Air spaces between exterior and interior walls, weep holes in the masonry, and waterproofing applications are described, as are new roof bonding agents and green roofs. New lining products and techniques for ductwork and plumbing are also described.
Water Ways.
http://asumag.com/Washrooms/university_water_ways/ Jahrling, Peter American School and University; v79 n11 , p32-37 ; Jun 2007
Discusses water saving fixtures for school restrooms. Government definitions of efficiency and potential savings are discussed, and tables assist in providing baseline comparisons of regular, ultra-consumption, and zero-consumption toilets and sinks.
Palm Beach Schools Committed to Saving Water and Labor with Waterfree Urinals
http://www.csemag.com/article/CA6435829.html?industryid=47250 Consulting-Specifying Engineer; Apr 23, 2007
In 2004, the Palm Beach School District made the formal decision to install water free urinals in all new middle and high schools. The district is also systematically replacing any older model urinal that uses more than one gallon of water per flush. This discusses how the urinals work and their advantages.
Sustainable Strategies on Campus.
Geller, Joseph; Corning, Robert College Planning and Management; v10 n4 , pG28,G30 ; Apr 2007
Reviews practical and economical campus sustainability strategies in the areas of stormwater control, landscaping, site lighting, recycling, water conversation, and reduction of car use.
Mountain Range High School.
http://www.dcd.com/case_studies/0703/070330.html Design Cost Data; v51 n2 , p30,32 ; Mar-Apr 2007
Profiles this Colorado low-energy use school that boasts an 80% reduction in potable water consumption by irrigating with reclaimed water provided by the city. Building statistics, a list of the project participants, cost details, floor plans, and photographs are included.
The Grass is Greener on This Side.
http://www2.districtadministration.com/viewarticle.aspx?articleid=586 Pascopella, Angela District Administration; v42 n8 , p42-44,46,48,50 ; Aug 2006
Highlights practices within the five most popular ways to create a "green" school: lighting, indoor air quality, minimizing waste, HVAC systems, and water conservation.
Straight Flush.
http://asumag.com/Washrooms/university_straight_flush/ Allen, Jim American School and University; v78 n12 , p44-47 ; Jul 2006
Reviews water-saving toilet options such as urinals that use very little water and dual-flush toilets. Increasingly, legislative mandates to reduce water use and rebate plans for installing super-efficient fixtures motivate schools to retrofit their restrooms.
New-generation Maintenance Issues
http://www.facilitiesnet.com/ms/article.asp?id=4686 Huff, Winston Maintenance Solutions; v14 n6 ; Jun 2006
The plumbing industry is responding to changing priorities in facilities by producing fixtures that use less water and, as a result, produce less waste. But because these fixtures use technology advances not available with standard fixtures, managers should be aware they often demand new installation and maintenance routines. This discusses waterless urinals, dual-flush water closets, sensor-operated fixtures, low-flow water closets, and low-flow showers.
Maximize Your Water Use, Minimize Your Chemical Applications.
School Planning and Management; v45 n4 , pG14,G16,G18,G20 ; Apr 2006
Outlines components and scheduling for a turf irrigation system and program, emphasizing precision irrigation to safe water and reduce chemical use.
Defending the Bathroom.
http://www.peterli.com/archive/spm/1096.shtm Fickes, Michael School Planning and Management; v45 n3 , p38,40,41 ; Mar 2006
Describes vandal- and corrosion-resistant restroom fixtures and waterless urinals.
Hold the Water.
http://asumag.com/mag/university_hold_water/ Kravitz, Robert; Reichardt, Klaus American School and University; v78 n6 , p31-33 ; Feb 2006
Describes the amount of water that urinals typically use, and then cites water savings that can be realized with waterless urinals in schools. Advice on choosing and maintaining waterless units is included.
Water Conservation Rules Spreading
http://www.facilitiesnet.com/bom/article.asp?id=2734 Vickers, Amy Building Operating Management; Apr 2005
Federal, state and local requirements are helping to drive use of water-efficient technologies. This provides an overview of technologies and practices that can curb water consumption, including waterless urinals and low volume plumbing fixtures.
Coloring It "Green."
http://asumag.com/mag/university_coloring_green/ Alderson, Kris American School and University; v77 n6 , p23-25 ; Feb 2005
Describes attributes of high performance schools, the six areas which are scored to obtain LEED certification, and water saving ideas that can be implemented in landscape and restroom design and practices.
Making Waterless Work
http://www.facilitiesnet.com/ms/article.asp?id=2442 Hounsell, Dan Maintenance Solutions; Feb 2005
The University of Southern Maine's investigation and installation of waterless urinals reveals both benefits and challenges. Driven by concerns over the rising costs of water and sewer utilities, and the awareness of all facilities’ impact on the environment, the university now has expanded their use to about 40 units in 10 buildings on two of its three campuses.
Special Report: Green Restrooms. Rising Water Awareness.
http://www.facilitiesnet.com/ms/article.asp?id=2297 Piper, James Maintenance Solutions; Nov 2004
Studies of facilities have shown that 30-50 percent of the total, non-process water use in a typical facility flows through restrooms. So the restroom is an excellent place to examine first when seeking ways to reduce water use and costs. This discusses low-flow fixtures, automatic controls, graywater systems, point-of-use water heaters, waterless urinals, and maintenance.
Public Health Worries Shape Restroom Choices
http://www.facilitiesnet.com/bom/article.asp?id=2258 Windle, Lynn Proctor Building Operating Management; Nov 2004
Facility executives can turn to improved technology and a wider array of options to address costs and water efficiency as well as hygiene concerns. This discusses innovations in restroom fixture and accessory design — particularly with regard to touchless technologies. Restroom patrons can use the toilet, wash their hands, leave the room, and hardly touch a thing. Water conservation also figures heavily in restroom innovations, particularly in terms of implementing sensor technology.
Preventing Water Woes
http://www.facilitiesnet.com/ms/Jun04/Jun04envelope.shtml Deress, David Maintenance Solutions; Jun 2004
A building’s exterior should look good, and it should keep the exterior environment out while providing a healthy, comfortable interior environment for occupants.
This article takes a closer look at the roles of exterior coatings, maintenance, and wall-system design in developing a comprehensive waterproofing strategy.
Slowing the Flow.
http://asumag.com/mag/university_slowing_flow/ Kennedy, Mike American School and University; v76 n10 , p38,40-42 ; May 2004
Describes water-saving fixtures for restrooms, including waterless urinals, dual-flush toilets, no-touch hand washer/dryers, and "graywater" toilets.
Outside of the Mainstream
http://www.facilitiesnet.com/ms/feb04/feb04construction.shtml Westerkamp, Thomas Maintenance Solutions; Feb 2004
Waterless urinals, specified and installed strategically, can offer managers an alternative that can ease facility water use and maintenance needs. This article reviews the benefits and drawbacks of waterless technology options, and discusses additional facility considerations.
A Building Lovely as a Tree.
Calmenson, Diane Wintroub Interior and Sources; , 5p. ; Sep 09, 2002
Article provides detailed description of new Center for the Environment at Catawba Collge in Salisbury, NC. The 21,000-square-foot, three-story building was designed to be sustainably constructed. Energy systems include photovoltaic and solar panels, closed-loop geo-exchange heating and cooling, rainwater runoff collection for irrigation, and light and occupancy sensors. Recycled building materials were used and construction debris was carefully managed, resulting in a recycling rate of 86%.
Wake Schools Adopt New Water Conservation Measures.
http://www.wral.com/news/local/story/102672/ (WRAL.com, Aug 20, 2002)
Describes Wake County Schools (North Carolina) actions to adhere to Gov. Mike Easley's request to conserve water.
School for The Millenium: New Suburban Seattle Elementary School Features Many
Green Elements, Illustrates Green Building Challenges
http://www.newsdata.com/enernet/conweb/conweb59.html#cw59-2 Pacific Northwest Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Newsletter; Nov 30, 2000
Millenium Elementary School in suburban Seattle features a geothermal heating/cooling system, stormwater reuse, solar-energy panels, a small wind turbine, waterless urinals and
assorted other resource-saving features. The Kent School District bills its newest school as a green prototype, and an excellent place to teach the environmental message to children.
Going for a Dip.
http://www.peterli.com/archive/cpm/83.shtm Sturgeon, Julie College Planning and Management; v3 n11 , p36-38-40 ; Nov 2000
Explains how Cornell University is using lake water to cool 40 percent of the space in its central campus. Payback cost estimates and design and engineering issues are examined.
Stormwater, Students, and Swamp.
http://www.appa.org/FacilitiesManager/ Leeds, Charles W. Facilities Manager; v16 n5 , p40-41 ; Sep-Oct 2000
Discusses Villanova University's (Pennsylvania) development of a stormwater wetland area to help collect water from small storms, remove sediment and pollutants, and return the water into a local stream.
Waste Not, Want Not
Jones, Rebecca American School Board Journal; v186 n1 , p16-19 ; Jan 1999
A conservation program is credited with saving schools $9 million in Portland, Oregon, over the last eight years. Effective retrofits include a computerized energy-management system, new lighting, and credit meters in school sprinkling systems. Teachers incorporate energy conservation into classrooms by encouraging students to conduct energy audits.
Cornell U. Pursues a $60-Million Plan To Cool Its Campus with Cayuga's Water.
Basinger, Julianne Chronicle of Higher Education; v44 n46 , pA28-A29 ; Jul 24, 1998
Cornell University (New York) plans to use the icy waters of nearby Cayuga Lake to air-condition the campus, but recognizes they can do so only with the community's
cooperation. Critics fear the move will change the lake's ecological balance. The university's decision and a subsequent public relations campaign is viewed by some as arrogant.
Water, Water Everywhere.
Choudhury, Margaret School Planning and Management; Mar 1998
Conserving water can save the school district money. Here is the latest
in water conservation toilets, urinals, faucets, and shower systems.
Flushing Out Solutions.
http://asumag.com/mag/university_flushing_solutions/ Baz, Jose American School and University; v69 n11 , p52-53 ; Jul 1997
Discusses the use of pressure-assist technology to cut water usage
volume in schools. Answers questions concerning whether to retrofit
school washrooms with pressure-assisted technology and how much
water would be conserved. Where to get more information on washrooms
is also provided.
Plumb Fittings.
Jahrling, Peter American School and University; v68 n9 , p34-36 ; May 1996
Discusses the electronic retrofitting of educational facilities plumbing
systems. Some advantages of an electronic plumbing retrofit are cost,
hygiene, water conservation, and meeting Americans with Disabilities
Act 1990 (ADA) requirements. Issues important to the planning of a
successful project are detailed.
Energy/Utility Management Section, San Diego City Schools
http://prod031.sandi.net/Energy/Page.asp?CategoryID=5 Briefly describes water-saving measures taken in San Diego schools and supplies contact information.
Water Conservation
http://your.kingcounty.gov/solidwaste/greenschools/water.asp Presents a brief list of water conservation methods, three case studies, and contact information for King County (Seattle).
Water Environment Federation
http://www.wef.org/ WEF is a not-for-profit technical and educational organization for preserving and enhancing the global water environment. The website's section on water quality news and resources includes hot topics, news items, legislative actions and regulatory issues, press releases, periodicals and newsletters, and related links.
Water Resources
http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/caer/ce/greenSchools/resourcesWater.htm Presents water conservation steps for schools wishing to qualify as a Green School under the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources system. Links to resources are provided.
Water School
http://www.yvw.com.au/waterschool/ An Australian Web site with publications and educational resources for students and teachers of all grade levels on the theory and practice of water conservation indoors and outdoors.
WaterSense
http://www.epa.gov/watersense/about_us/index.html WaterSense is an EPA-sponsored partnership program that promotes water efficiency and the market for water-efficient products, programs, and practices. WaterSense brings together local water utilities and governments, product manufacturers, retailers, consumers, and other stakeholders to decrease water use through the adoption of more efficient products and practices, help consumers make water-efficient choices, encourage innovation in manufacturing, and establish rigorous certification criteria that ensure product efficiency, performance, and quality. WaterSense helps consumers identify water-efficient products and programs that meet WaterSense water efficiency and performance criteria.
WaterWiser: Water Efficiency Clearinghouse
http://www.waterwiser.org/ A cooperative project of the American Water Works Association, the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Bureau of
Reclamation. Includes references to books, links, conferences, a
company directory, and a reference-searching section.
Green Schools http://www.edfacilities.org/rl/high_performance.cfm (National Clearinghouse for Educational Facilities, Washington, DC) Information on high performance green school facilities, compiled by the National Clearinghouse for Educational Facilities, including sustainability and green design issues, cost and funding concerns, and educational and community benefits.
School Restroom Design http://www.edfacilities.org/rl/restrooms.cfm (National Clearinghouse for Educational Facilities, Washington, DC) Information on designing and retrofitting restrooms in school buildings, including resources on fixtures, materials, finishes, maintenance, safety, and accessibility.
Swimming Facilities in Schools
http://www.edfacilities.org/rl/swimming_pools.cfm (National Clearinghouse for Educational Facilities, Washington, DC) Information on the design, operations, and maintenance of swimming pools and natatoriums in schools and universities.
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